Joan Miró
 The Spanish painter, Joan Miró, who was born in
Barcelona in 1893 and died in Palma de Mallorca in 1983, left behind
an important legacy which is included amongst the most original of
the 20th century. His work, in general, would be marked with a clear
surrealist tendency, where the realm of the memory and imaginative
fantasy were to take priority.
He studied at La Lonja School of Fine Arts in Barcelona, and in
1918 set up his first individual exhibition in the Dalmau Galleries,
in the same city. His works before 1920 (the date of his first trip
to Paris) reflect the influence of different trends, like the pure
and brilliant colors used in Fauvism, shapes taken from cubism,
influences from folkloric Catalan art and Roman frescos from the
churches.
His trip to Paris introduced him to and developed his trend of
surrealist painting. In 1921, he showed his first individual
exhibition in Paris, at La Licorne Gallery. In 1928, he exhibited
with a group of surrealists in the Pierre Gallery, also in Paris,
although Miró was always to maintain his independent qualities with
respect to groups and ideologies.
From 1929-1930, Miró began to take interest in the object as such,
in the form of collages. This was a practice which was to lead to
his making of surrealist sculptures. His tormented monsters appeared
during this decade, which gave way to the consolidation of his
plastic vocabulary. He also experimented with many other artistic
forms, such as engraving, lithography, water colors, pastels, and
painting over copper. What is particularly highlighted from this
period, are the two ceramic murals which he made for the UNESCO
building in Paris (The Wall of the Moon and the Wall of the Sun,
1957-59).
It was at the end of the 60´s when his final period was marked and
which lasted until his death. During this time, he concentrated more
and more on monumental and public works. He was characterized by the
body language and freshness with which he carried out his canvasses,
as well as the special attention he paid to material and the stamp
he received from informalism. He concentrated his interest on the
symbol, not giving too much importance to the representing theme,
but to the way the symbol emerged as the piece of work.
In 1976 the Joan Miró Foundation Centre of Contemporary Art Study
was officially opened in the city of Barcelona and in 1979, four
years before his death, he was named Doctor Honoris Causa by the
University of Barcelona.
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